Indicator and control device



Dec. 5, 1950 c. F. THIELE 2,533,068

INDICATOR AND CONTROL DEVICE Filed Feb. 28, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 5, 1950 c. F. THIELE INDICATOR AND CONTROL DEVICE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 28, 1947 Dec. 5, 1950 c. F. THIELE 2,533,068

INDICATOR AND CONTROL DEVICE Filed Feb. 28, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 w///y' 74% l [2' 33) MM! 67M MM W5 Patented Dec. 5, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

INDICATOR. AND CONTROL DEVICE Charles F.v Thiele, 01d Greenwich, Conn.

Application February 28, 1947', Ser-ial No. 731,449.

11. Claims. 1

This invention relates to a limit indication and control device, and it relates more. particularly to such a device whereby a pointer, disc, or other movable or turnable element operates in cooperatio with the grid circuit of a vacuum tube to produce a signal which causes the operat on of an audible or visible indicator or the operation of some device or apparatus, and it. has as an object. to provide such a limit indication and con.- trol' device which functions positively and accurately under all conditions and where there is no pitting 'or burning of the contacts exercising the primary control.

In the usual control or signaling devices where battery and similar or usual control currents are used, the contacts quickly become so pitted the device does not work and it can never be relied on, as one never knows whether it is going to work or not. It is, therefore, a particular object of this invention to provide a control. or signaling device in which the movable element respon sive to changes or functions to bev controlled, or indicated operates with such a small current there is no pitting of the contacts whatever, so that they always maintain their clean normal condition and always function.

There are many instances when it is desirable to have control of a variable, such as speed, temperature, current, voltage, pressure, fluid flow, weight deflection, or the like, between certain predetermined. limits; or it maybe desirable to; show an aural or visual indication whenever the variable exceeds or falls below certain limits. Usually any change in any condition, function or the like of any variable is shown on a dial type indicator where a pointer or turnable disc or other movable element, responsive to a change in the variable, indicates the change in the variable on a calibrated scale.

In order to provide a control, or a positive indication when the responsive element passes a certain limit or limits on the scale, it. is desirable that the movable element actuate a limit control signal or signals which will cooperate with regulating means associated with the variable to maintain the variable between the predetermined limits, or to provide a visual or aural indication when such limits are exceeded. It is imperative that in providing this limit control signal or signals that the action be accurate and positive, and that when the limit or limits are reached, substantially no impedient or drag be offered to the indicator toimpair its accuracy, and particularly that the device always functions when the limits are reached so that it can always'be relied 2. on to! pro ide the prot ction and control when needed.

t is therefor an. obj c f the invention t PW vide a control device. whereby a p nt t .disc or o her turnabl or movable l m n h h, is re: pen ive. to or shif ed b cau e. f a. chan e in any condit on or ina tio o h lik i a a able such. peed, temp rat re.c rrent,vo ta e pre s fluid fl w v Wei t defle ti n or he. ike. c n c ntrol. s id var able be w en pre et m d limit It is another object to provide a control device whe eby a relatively d l cate, 1 w nert a urna i elemen su h a a p inter r d sc on, a d a n. strument, may positively and accurately control a on of re a vely blah. ne tia dev ce i th as. m rs. val e and he ike. i

it is st ll anothe obi ct to pro ide means whereby a pointer, disc or other turnable or mova le el ment c caus and m in a n a i na ich can ope e an. aud bl r visib ndica r or cause the operat on f a de or appara u whenever said pointer, disc, or any turnable element. r aches. pr d rmined limit The above and other. objects in View may be more. read ly u der tood y ref n he lowing detailed description and the accompanying drawings. It. is to be understood, however, that the invention; is. not, limited to the specific constructionv and arrangement. shown, but may employ various changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.

It is t b furt er und rsto d th he e limit. cont ol, si nal s u ed he n f r in h specification and claims is so called for convenience and refers to a signal produced by a, change in current flow through a vacuum tube which maybe used to actuate an indicating means. The term indicating means is used in the broad sense as meaning any ne of a um f d fie tent devices, such, for example, as a visual indicator or. an audible. signal, selective means, or adjusting or control means and so forth, or any device aiiected or controlled by a limit determining signal.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a dial instrument showing a mode of operation wherein a mqvab1e pointer exercises control above and below a predetermined limit as determined by a positionable but stationary limit determining pointer;

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of. the present invention applicable to the mode of operatio represented in Fig. 1

3 s a p an v ew of a dial inst um sho ing mode of operation wherein a movable pointer exercises control above and below two predeterminable limits as determined by two positionable but stationary limit determining pointers. In the figure the movable pointer is at a position on the dial below the two predetermined limits;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same instrument shown in Fig. 3, except that the movable pointer is at a position on the dial between the two predeterminable limits;

Fig. 5 is also a plan view of the same instrument shown in Fig. 3, except that the movable pointer is at a position on the dial above the two predeterminable limits;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the dial instrument shown in plan view in Figs. 3, 4 and 5;

Fig. '7 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the invention applicable to the mode of operation represented in Figs. 3, 4 and 5.

Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2, which show one embodiment of the present invention, wherein maintained at a potential above ground G by means of connection id to tap i5 on a secondary winding it of transformer l'i. Cathode II is also connected through resistance It and conductor 21a to a movable contact which is associated with limit determining pointer 21.

Movable contact 20 is held against stop 22 on pointer 2| by means of a hair spring 23. Limit determining pointer is normally stationary, but can be positioned to any desired point on calibrated dial 24 of dial indicator 25. is carried by limit determining pointer 2|, and as hair spring 23 normally holds movable contact 20 against stop 22, any positioning of limit determining pointer 2| causes said movable contact '20 to take a like position. The action of limit determining pointer 2i and movable contact 20 will be more fully understood as the description proceeds. However, the functional use of this limit determining pointer and its associated movable contact is to determine the point on the calibrated scale 24 of dial indicator 25 at which control is exercised.

Movable indicating pointer '26 is connected to ground G by means of connection 21. In the embodiment shown, movable pointer 25 is an element responsive to changes in the speed or motor 2. As indicated in the introductory outline of the invention above prior to the short descriptions of the figures of the drawings, it could be responsive to any variable to be controlled or indicated, such for example as speed, temperature, current voltage, pressure, fluid flow, weight deflection, or the like, the Specific embodiment shown for indicating and controlling speed being The linkage" for example as centrifugal balls, which linkage actuates cam 34, which is geared to movable pointer 26.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the control device is utilized to prevent the speed of motor 2 from exceeding a predetermined limit" Stop 22 4 as determined by the setting of limit determin ing pointer 2i on calibrated scale 2 5 of dial indicator 25. It is to be understood, of course, that the control device may be used to control variables other than speed, and in its application motor 2 could be a pressure pump, an electric furnace, or any other device subject to control, the motor being used merely as an example.

The setting of limit determining pointer 2| at a predetermined point on calibrated scale 24 limits the speed of motor 2 in the following manner: as the speed of motor 2 increases it causes movable pointer- 25, which is responsive to changes in the motor speed because of device 32a, to revolve about calibrated dial it in a clockwise manner. When motor 2 reaches a speed corresponding to that as determined by the setting of limit determining pointer 2i on calibrated dial 24, a projecting electrical contact it which is carried by movable arm 26, and electrically connected thereto, comes in contact with movable contact 26 closing circuit through leads 27 and 21a. As movable pointer 23 continues to revolve past limit determining pointer 26 in a clockwise direction, contact 38 remains engaged with movable contact 28 and removes said movable contact from its normal position against stop 22. At the instant contact 36 touches movable contact 2t, cathode ii of vacuum tube i9 is connected to ground through resistance it, thereby causing a sudden increase in the current flow through vacuum tube it and producing a limit control signal in the anode circuit of said tube. Anode l2 of vacuum tube it is connected through relay 3? to a source or" positive potential as indicated by tap 33 on secondary winding it of transformer ii. The limit control signal resulting from the sudden change in current through vacuum tube is caused by the grounding of cathode II through resistance it, causes relay 3'? to be energized, thereby drawing armature 39 away from contact G6 and causing said armature to make a connection with contact ii. As armature 39 is connected to input terminal 4, and as contact i! is connected through winding 32 of solenoid t to the other power input terminal 3,

, this rfew connection energizes winding 42 or" solenoid 8, thereby causing linkage l to operate movable arm 6 of rheostat 5 in a clockwise direction, thus putting more resistance in the circuit between input power terminals 3 and i; and motor 2. This increased resistance causes the speed of motor 2 to decrease, or prevents further increase, and a resulting reversal in the direction of movement of movable pointer 2", or prevents further movement to the right. However, it is to be noted that with this arrangement, after contact 35 engages contact 29, should pointer 26 pass beyond pointer 2i, it carries contact 26 with it, and this contact remains in engagementwith contact 38 and, therefore, no matter how far pointer 25 moves beyond pointer 2% it carries contact with it and maintains the circuit closed.

When the speed of motor 2 drops to a point where movable pointer 28 passes limit determining pointer 2i in a-counter-clockwise direction, movable contact 20 is engaged and stopped by stop 22, thus disengaging movable contact 20 and contact 35 carried by movable pointer 28. The potential of the control circuit of vacuum tube is is again changed and cathode H is no longer connected to ground through resistance l8.- The current through vacuum tube It thus decreases, producing a limit control signal in the anode circuit which causes relay 3! to release armature 39 from contact 4| and to-again rest against contact 40. As contact 48 is connected through winding '43 of solenoid 8 to power input terminal -3, this connection energizes winding "43 f solenoid 8, thereby causing linkage "I to operate movable arm 6 of rheostat in a-counterclockwise direction. This decreases the resistance in the circuit between power inputterminals land '4 andmotor 2, thereby causing the speed of motor 2 to increase.

3,4 and-5 show a calibrated dial indicator 4!] having a first positionable but stationary lower limit determining pointer M, a second similar upper limit determining pointer 42, and a'movable element 43, which is responsive to changes in a variable. Although the dial indicator herein "shown is the same as dial indicator 25 in the embodiment of Fig. I, with the addition of a lower limit determining pointer, difierent' numbers are used in the description of the second embodiment for reasons of ease and clarity of description. Fig. 3 shows the movable element *43 at a point on the calibrated scale below the limits determined by the heretofore mentioned limit determining pointers 4| and 42. Fig. -4' shows the movable element ata position'between the two limit determining pointers-4| and 42, and Fig.5 shows the movable element 43 at a point on the calibrated scale above the limit determined by the upper limit determining pointer 42. Fig. 6 shows an elevation view'of the elements shown in plan view in Figs. 3, 4 and 5.

=A first movable contact 44 is associated with limitdetermin-i-ng pointer 4| and is held normally'ag'ains't stop 45 by hair spring 46 (Fig. 6-), stop '45 being carried'by limit determining pointer 4| and being movable therewith. A second movable contact" is associatedwith limit determining pointer 42-and is held normally against stop 48 by hair spring 58. Stop 48 is carried by limit determining pointer and is movable therewith.

Acontact 5| is connected to movable pointer 3- and is adapted to engage with movable-contact Mas pointer 43 passes a point on the calibrated scale of indicator 40 where said point is determined by the position of limit determining pointer 4|. A second contact 52 is also carried by movable pointer 43 and is adapted to engage with movable contact 41 as movable pointer 43 passes a point on the calibrated scale of indicator 40 where said point is determined by the position of limit determining pointer 42.

*A knob 53" is associated with limit determining pointer 4|, and insulated therefrom, and by turning said knob in aclockwise or counter-clockwise direction, limitdetermining pointer 4| and its associated movable contact 44 can be positioned at any predeterminable point on the calibrated scale of indicator 40. A second knob 54 is associated with limit determining pointer 42 and'may likewise be turned in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction to position limit determining' pointer 42 and associated movable contact 4 1 at any point on the calibrated scale of indicator 40. A spring washer 55 is provided to maintain the position of limit determining pointer 42 after it has'once been set by the peel-- tioning of knob 54. 7

Limit determining pointer 4| and stop 45 are electrically connected together and an electrical connection external to dial indicator 4!) is provided therefor by connection 55. Similarly, stop 48 and limit determining pointer 42 are electrically connected and an external connection is provided therefor through the-mediumof connection 51, bolt--58, and external connection 59. Movable pointer-43 and movable-contact 44 are mounted on a turnabIe post or shaft 6|, which is electrically connected to ground G by means of connection '62. A lens 83 of glass or plastic, or other suitable "material, is provided to enclose gauge 40. Bottom plate 64 is provided and may be made of any suitable insulating material on which a calibrated scale or any other suitable measuring means-may be superimposed.

Fig. 7 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, and in the figure the dial indicator 4t and its limit determining pointers 4| and 42, movable pointer 43, and other parts are represented somewhat schematically. This schematic representation does not detract from the operation of the invention, but rather is introduced for ease of description.

In the embodiment shown, movable pointer 43 is responsive to or shifted by a change in variable load- 65 which is coupled to movable pointer 43 by means of gear 66, linkage 61 operated by speed responsive device 61a, gearing 68, flexible shaft 89 and gearing 18. Variable load 65, which by way of example might be apre'ssure pump or any other machine or mechanism to be controlled, is driven by motor 72 through the medium of clutch 13. Although in the present embodiment control is exercised by clutch 13 in cooperation with solenoid 14 as hereinafter described, it is to be clearly understood that it is used merely by way of example and that the invention is not limited to the use of a motor, or clutch, or any other specific means, but rather can be used to provide any sort of indication when a certain limit or limits are reached, whether said indication be in the form of regulation of any variable which is subject to control, or whether it be a visible or audible indication. Thus the embodiment herein 1 shown wherein a motor and clutch are utilized as indicating means, merely typifies one mode of operation.

A first amplifier including vacuum tube 15, which has an anode 15, a control grid TI, and a cathode I8, is associated with limit determining pointer 4|. Cathode I8 is connected to tap 8! on a secondary winding 8| of transformer 82. Tap and cathode 18 are connected by conductor 78a to ground G. Control grid 11 is connected through resistance 83 to tap 84 of winding 8 i ,said

tap being at a potential below ground. Control grid 11 is also electrically connected by means of connection 55 tolimit determining pointer 4|. Anode T6 of vacuum tube 15 is connected through relay 84 to a source of positiv potential represent'ed by tap 85 on secondary windin 8!.

A second amplifier including vacuum tube 86, having anode 81, control grid 88, and cathode 89, is associated with limit determining pointer 42. Cathode 89 is connected through connection 89a to ground, G and control grid 88 is connected 75 through resistance 9| to a source of negative po- 13 out, thereby disengaging motor 72.

tential as represented by tap-d tch secondary winding 8L Control grid-s8 is also connected by means of connection 59 to limit determining pointer 42 and movable contact 41. Anode a! of vacuum tube 86 is connected through relay 92 to a source of positive potential 85 On secondary winding 8i.

, The operation of the control device may best be understood by following the action of the device as movable pointer as attains different positions on'the calibrated scale of indicator it.

When movable pointer s3 is at a position as shown in Fig. 3 below lower limit pointer i i, movable contact 45 is resting against'stop 45, which is. in electrical contact with limit determining pointer'fll; As movable contact i-l is always connected to ground through post cl and connection 62', control grid l'l is therefore connected to ground whenever movable contact 64 is resting against stop 55. Under this condition, vacuum tube 75 is conducting and the currentflo'uing through its anode circuit is suilicient to operate relay 8e and draw armature 93 against contact 94.- As armature 93 is connected to power input terminal as which is one side of a source of electrical energy, and as contact ct is connected through winding 96 of solenoid is to input terminal 91, which is the other side of source of electrical energy, the circuit through Winding 96 is completed. This causes solenoid-Ts to operate and throw in clutch 53 by means of linkage 28. Motor l2 is thence engaged with variable load 65, and movable pointer #33, which in the present embodiment is responsive to changes in variable load 65, moves and passes over limit determining element 41. As this happens, stop 5i engages movable contact ad, thereby removing said movable contact from its normal resting position against stop -45 and disconnects control grid ll of vacuum tube 15 from ground. This decreases the flow of current through vacuum tube it: to

produce a limit control signal which causes armature 93 to come in contact with contact W0, which is open circuited. Clutch 13 remains in, however, as it requires a positive-action of solenoid (4 to throw this clutch in or out.

The movable pointer i3 is now at, an intermediate [position between lower pointer ti and upper pointer 42,- as indicated in Figs. 4 and '7, and in this position control grid as of vacuum tube 85 is connected through resistance iii to a source of negative potential 84. Under this condition the current flow through vacuum tube 86 is not s icient to cause the operation of relay 92 and armature liil rests against contact 552, which is open circuited. As movable pointer 43 passes over .limit determining pointer 42, contact 52 engages movable contact 47, thereby causing said movable contact to be connected to ground through con- .nection 62. This causes the current through vacuum tube 86 to increase, thereby producing a limit control signal which causes relay 92 to operate,

drawing armature Hil into connection with con- 1 tact "through winding the of solenoid M to point 9?,

I03. Contact its is connected by lead which is one side of a source of electrical energy. As armature lfll is connected to point 95 through .l Ola, which is the other side of the source of electrical energy,winding-l as is energized and solenoid 14 operates through linkage S3 to throw clutch Clutch 13 remains out until the variable load drcps to a As the [pointer drops below ing 96 is again energized and the above described cycle is repeated.- i

In View of the foregoing it is evident that the limit control device as herein described has many uses and advantages. First of all, it is accurate and positive acting, due primarily to the fact that the potential difierence and current be;-

tween the movable pointer and the limit deter.- mining pointers may be kept at a very low value.

The current is so low (of the order of three micro-amperes) as to prevent any pitting or burning of the contacts when the movable pointer makes or breaks the electrical connections in the grid circuits of the vacuum tubes. As these contacts exercise the primary control, it is evident that the absence of any pittingor burning insures a positive action at all times, and the device may be depended uponto function indefinitely. Furthermore, as there is such a low current across these contacts the movable pointer, movable contacts, limit determining pointers, and in fact all elements maybeof a light weight construction. In consequence, the movable contacts normally held in place by the hair springs can be of such a light weight that they ofier virtually no impedient or drag to the movable pointer. This is of great importance in that the accuracy of the indication given by the movable pointer is in no way impaired by the positioning of the limit determining pointers.

Another advantage of this light construction is that the limit determining pointers may be set close to one another, thereby allowing control between small limits. Attention is also directed to the fact that once electrical contact is made between the movable pointer and the movable contact this contact is maintained until the movable pointer drops below the limit determined by the particular limit determining pointer associated with the movable contact. Thus, as pointer 43 moves above or beyond pointer 4|, it carries contact 44 with it, and, therefore, keeps contact 44 separated from contact 45 as long as the pointer 43 is above pointer determining pointer and a second using two limit determining pointers, it is apparent that a plurality of limit determining pointers may be used depending upon the particular applica tion of the control device.

Having thus described and set forth the nature of my invention, I claim:

1. A control device of the character described comprising a movable member, means responsive ,to a variable for shifting said member,- a normally stationary member including a stop means,

a movable contact, resilient means for retaining said contact against the stop means, a contact stop on the movable member adapted to engage the movable contact and shift it away .from the first stop while maintaining contact between the contact stop and the movable contest as the m v ble member pas es. by h ..1s ecneaoec;

tionary member, and means for connecting an electric circuit with the movable member and to engage the movable contact to shift it away from the first stop as the movable member passes by the stationary member, and an electric circuit connected with the movable member and movable contact to be controlled thereby.

3. A control device of the character described comprising a movable member, means responsive to a variable forshifting said member, a normally stationary member including a stop means, a movable contact, resilient means for retaining said contact against the stop means, an electric circuit connected to the movable contact and the movable member, and a contact stop on the movable member adapted to engage the movable contact to close the circuit and to shiftthe contact away from the first stop as the movable member passes by the stationary member to maintain the circuit as long as the movable member is positioned past the stationary memher.

4. An indication and control device of the character described comprising a movable pointer, an upper linnt pointer, a stop carried by the latter pointer, a movable contact, spring means for retaining the contact normally against the stop, a contact stop carried by the movable pointer adapted to engagethe movable contact and shift it away from the first stop as the first pointer moves past the second pointer, and an electric circuit connected to the movable contact and the movable pointer to be controlled thereby.

5. An indication and control device of the character described comprising a movable pointer, an upper limit pointer, a stop carried by the latter pointer, a movable contact, spring means for retaining the contact normally against the stop, an electric circuit connected to the movable contact and the movable pointer, and a contact stop carried by the movable pointer adapted to engage the movable contact and shift it away from the first stop as the first pointer moves past the second pointer and carry the movable contact with the first pointer and in engagement with the contact stop thereon as long as the first pointer is positioned beyond the second pointer.

6. A control device of the character described comprising a movable member, means responsive to a variable for shifting said member, upper and lower limit control members, a stop on each of the latter members, a movable contact associated with each of the upper and lower control members, resilient means for retaining each movable contact normally against the stop on its respective control member, stops on the movable member arranged to engage the respective movable contacts as this member moves by the respective limit control members, and electric circuits connected with the movable contacts and the movable member for control thereby.

'7. An indicator and control device of the character described comprising a movable pointer, means responsive to a variable condition, function and the like to shift said pointer, normally stationary upper and lower limit control point- In ers, a stop on each of the latter pointers, a movable contact associated with each of the upper and lower limit control pointers, a spring normally retaining each contact against the stop on its associated pointer, electric circuit leads connected to therespective movable pointer and; the movable contacts, and stops on the movable pointer arranged to engage the respective movable contacts as this pointer moves past the respective stationary pointers and carry the movable contacts with it to control the circuits and maintain the conditions therein created by co action, of the movable pointer with the contacts.

8. An indicator and control device of the character described comprising a movable pointer.

means responsive to a variable condition, func tionand the like to shift said pointer, normally stationary upper and lower limit control pointers, a stop on each of the latter pointers, a mov able contact associated with each of the upper and lower limit control pointers, a spring normally retaining each contact against the stop on its associated pointer, a plurality of electric circuits connected with, the movable pointer and said contacts, and stops on the movable pointer arranged to engage the respective movable contacts as this pointer moves past the respective stationary pointers and cooperate therewith to change the current in the corresponding circuits, said stops also arranged to carry the movable contacts with the movable pointer to maintain the circuit conditions created by coaction of the movable pointer with the contacts.

9. A device adapted to control a variable between predetermined limits, said device including a first positionable but stationary limit determining element, an electrical contact carried by said first limit determining element, a first movable contact, means for normally holding said first movable contact against the contact carried by said first limit determining element,- a second positionable but stationary limit determining element, an electrical contact carried by said second limit determining element, a second movable contact, means for normally holding said second movable contact against the contact carried by said second limit determining element, a movable element responsive to a change in the variable, said movable element carrying at least one contact movable therewith, the contact carried by the movable element being adapted to engage with and remain engaged with said first movable contact as said movable element passes said first limit determining element in one direction and to disengage and rer main disengaged with said first movable contact as it passes in the opposite direction, the'con tact carried by said movable element being adapted to engage with and remain engaged with said second movable contact as said movable element passes said second limit determining element in one direction and to disengage and remain disengaged with said second movable contact as it passes in the opposite direction.

10. A limit control device adapted to control a variable between predetermined limits, said device including a first positionable but stationary limit determining means including an electrical contact, a second positionable but stationary limit determining means including a second electrical contact, a movable element responsive to changes in said variable, said movable element being adapted to electrically contact and remain in contact with said first limit determining means as said movable element passes and is located beyond said first electrical contact in one direction, and to electrically dis limit determining means in one direction and to electrically disconnect and remain disconnected with said second electrical contact as it passes and is located beyond said second limit determining means in the opposite direction, and means whereby said positionable means and contacts may be connected in electric control'circuits.

11. A limit control device comprising a movable element responsive to changes in a variable, means for connecting said element in an electrical circuit, a normally stationary limit determining element including an electrical contact, said movable element being adapted to electrically contact said electrical contact and remain contacted with said contact as it passes and is located beyond, in one direction, a limit predetermined by said limit determining element, and

to electrically disconnect and remain disconnected with said electrical contact as it passes and is located beyond, in a direction opposite to the first direction, the limit determined by the limit determining element, and said electrical connection and disconnection being adapted for causing signals to be transmitted.

CHARLES F. THIELE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the.

file of this patent:

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